Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I could have sloughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man-when I could get it-and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? For instance, take Sojourner Truth's use of repetition in her famous 1851 speech "Ain't I a Woman?": However, the line that separates epistrophe from other forms of repetition can be blurry. The above examples of anaphora and symploce are fairly clear cut, and unlikely to be confused with epistrophe. Is it not strange and strange? Telling Epistrophe From Other Kinds of Repetition That Angelo's a murderer is't not strange? That Angelo's forsworn is it not strange? Most strange, but yet most truly, will I speak: The following quote from Shakespeare's play Measure for Measure shows symploce in action: Using both anaphora and epistrophe at the same time creates another figure of speech called symploce. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of California. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Martin Luther King Jr.'s repetition of the words "let freedom ring" in his famous "I have a Dream" speech are an example of anaphora: Not to be confused with epistrophe is its opposite, anaphora, which is the repetition of one or more words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences. The minor changes from one phrase to the next don't interfere with the rhythm and repetition of Gates' speech, but actually help him emphasize his former lack of knowledge about humanitarian issues both at home and abroad. The first repetition of "country" is singular while the second one is plural, and the adjective changes from "this" to "developing." Even so, the repeated phrase at the end of each clause still counts as epistrophe. And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries. I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country. For instance, take the example below from Bill Gates' 2007 Harvard University address: In fact, the dramatic, rhythmic effect of epistrophe can be even more powerful if the repeating element varies slightly each time. The repeated words of epistrophe do not have to be exactly the same. Here's how to pronounce epistrophe: eh- pis-truh-fee Epistrophe Can Involve Slightly Different Repeated Words Because epistrophe is such a simple and effective way to emphasize an idea and communicate urgency or emotion, it appears often in songs and speeches as well as in literature.The opposite of epistrophe is anaphora, which involves the repetition of words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.Epistrophe also goes by the name epiphora, and even more occasionally is sometimes called antistrophe.Some additional key details about epistrophe: In his Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln urged the American people to ensure that, "government of the people, by the people, for the people,shall not perish from the earth." His repetition of " the people" at the end of each clause is an example of epistrophe. What is epistrophe? Here’s a quick and simple definition:Įpistrophe is a figure of speech in which one or more words repeat at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.
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